Introduction To Linguistics
Asep
Mulia B. 1201050056
Ihsan
Muhammad Haq 1501050057
Traditional
Approach Vs. Scientific Approach
1.
Scientific
Approach
A.
Definition
Scientific approach is
a learning process that is designed so that learners are actively build the
concept, through observing stages (to identify or find the problem), to
formulate the problem, propose or formulate hypotheses, collect data with a
variety of techniques, analyzing the data, draw conclusions and communicate the
concept that is "discovered". The scientific approach is intended to
give undertstanding to students in identifying, understanding the various
materials using a scientific approach, information could have come from
anywhere, at any time, do not rely on the information in the directed by the
teacher. Therefore the learning conditions are expected to be created to
encourage learners to find out from various sources through observation, and
not just be told openly by the teacher.
B.
Characteristic
of Scientific Approach
1)
Student-centered.
2)
Involving
science process skills in concept building, law or principle.
3)
Encourage
and inspire students to think critically, analytically and precisely identify,
understand, solve problems, and apply the lessons.
4)
Can
develop students' character.
C.
Learning
Objectives with Scientific Approach
1)
To
improve the intellectual ability, especially high-level thinking skills of
students.
2)
To
form the students' ability to solve a problem in a systematic way.
3)
The
create a conditions of learning in which students feel that learning is a
necessity.
4)
To
Obtain a high learning outcomes.
D.
Steps
of Learning Using Scientific Approach
1)
Observing
In observing
activity, the teacher open a wide and varied opportunity for learners to make
observations using; look, hear, and read activity. Teachers facilitate the
learners to observe, train them to pay attention (see, read, hear) things that
are important from some things or object.
2)
Questioning
In this
activity, teachers widely open opportunities for learners to ask questions
about what has been seen, listened to, or read. Teachers should guide students
to be able to ask questions: questions about the the result of the observation. The goal is that students will have the ability to
think critically, high level, logical, and systematic (critical thinking
skills).
3)
Associating
Associating is
the process of thinking logically and systematically over-the word empirical
facts that can be observed to obtain a conclusion in the form of knowledge. The experiences that have been stored in the memory
of the brain relate and interact with prior experience are already available.
That process is known as associating or reasoning.
4)
Experimenting
At the stage of
this process, learners wherever possible be conditioned to learn
collaboratively. In collaborative learning the authority and function of
teachers is more directive. Learners work together, help each other work on
related tasks results with the material that has been studied.
5)
Networking
At the end of
the activity learners is expected to communicate the results of the work that
has been prepared well together in groups or individually from the conclusions
that have been made. These activities will be clarified by the teacher so that
learners know well whether the answer is correct or there is something that
need to be fixed.
E.
Conclusion
Scientific Approach is a learning process
that is designed to make learners actively construct concept through the observing
stages (to identify or find the problem), to formulate the problem, propose or
formulate hypotheses, synthesize the data with a variety of techniques,
analyzing the data, draw conclusions and communicate the concept, that has been
"discovered".
The application of scientific approaches
in the learning process involves skills such as: observing, questioning,
associating, experimenting, networking, concluding, presenting and
communicating. In carrying out these processes, teacher guidance is required.
2.
Traditional
Approach
A.
Definition
The definition of traditional education
varies greatly with geography and by historical period. Teacher-centered approach is a learning
approach that is based on the view that teaching is imparting knowledge and
skills (Smith, in Sanjaya, 2008: 96). The chief business of traditional
education is to transmit to a next generation those skills, facts, and
standards of moral and social conduct that adults consider to be necessary for
the next generation's material and social success.
As beneficiaries of this scheme, which educational
progressivist John Dewey described as being "imposed from above and from
outside", the students are expected to docilely and obediently receive and
believe these fixed answers.
Teachers are the instruments by which
this knowledge is communicated and these standards of behavior are enforced.
Historically, the primary educational technique of traditional education was
simple oral recitation In a typical approach, students sat quietly at their
places and listened to one student after another recite his or her lesson,
until each had been called upon. The teacher's primary activity was assigning
and listening to these recitations; students studied and memorized the
assignments at home. A test or oral examination might be given at the end of a
unit, and the process, which was called
"assignment-study-recitation-test", was repeated.
B.
Characteristic
1)
Teacher-centric
classrooms
2)
Teachers
in the mode of knowledge dispensers rather than facilitators
3)
Chalk
and talk methods
4)
Regimented
classrooms
5)
Lack
of collaboration and group learning
6)
More
emphasis on examinations and results rather than understanding of concepts
7)
Improper
alignment between objectives, activities and assessments
C.
Steps
1)
Identifying
a learning task
2)
Modeling
the target behavior for the learner
3)
Demanding/requesting
performance from the learner, possibly with cues or prompts to facilitate
successful performance
4)
Providing
corrective feedback (in the event of failure) or motivational feedback (in the
event of success) to the learner after he or she performs
D.
Conclusion
In ancient times, the learning process
carried out in the traditional way (Traditional Learning), traditional learning
is learning which in general , learning center teachers , and placing students
as objects in the study. So, here the teachers act as versatile and as the only
source of learning.
3.
References
1.
Ahmad
Sudrajat, Pendekatan Saintifik dalam Proses Pembelajaran,http://www.ahmadsudrajat.blogspot.com/2013/pendekatan-saintifik-ilmiah-dalam-proses-pembelajaran.html, diakses tanggal 15-08-2016, 20:28 WIB
2.
M.
Hosman, Pendekatan Saintifik dan Kontekstual dalam Pembelajaran Abad 21, (Bogor:
Ghalia Indonesia, 2014),
3.
Learning Teaching. Oxford: Macmillan,
2005.
4.
A traditional Linguistics
Basis for Language Teaching,
Edward M. Anthony, march 1970
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